Japan Marks - Takeuchi Chiubei Sharkskin & Toki Shippo Cloisonne Porcelain

Japan Marks - Takeuchi Chiubei

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TAKEUCHI CHIUBEI [竹内忠兵衛]

(name variations: CHIU-BE-YE or CHIUBEYE, CHYUBEI, CHUUBEI, CHUBEI)

(1868-1890s)

Business Name: KONAYA

1895 Advertisement for

Takeuchi Chiubei

[竹内忠兵衛]

Porcelain Manufacturer

Factory No. 151, Shindomachi, Nagoya

Aichi Prefecture

Patented Shippo (Cloisonne) Metal Ware

Patented Ishinomaki (Blackstone) Porcelain

Patented Transparent Porcelain (aka Sharkskin Porcelain glaze enamel)

Patented Porcelain with Elevated Figures in Gold Brocade

Copper Shippo. Lacquer Shippo.

Takeuchi Chiubei creator of

Toki Touru - Transparent Glaze Porcelain - Sharkskin

Jiki Shippo - Cloisonne Porcelain

Totei Shippo - Metal Cloisonne

Toki Urushi Shippo - Lacquer Cloisonne Porcelain

Japanese Nippon "Sharkskin" "Shark skin" "Shark's skin" "Salt Glaze"

"Crystal Glaze" "Orange Peel" Marks

Meiji Year 22 (1890) - 5th Month - 25th Day - Valid 15 Years (1905)
2252515
Dating: 1890-1905

SIGNATURES OF TAKEUCHI CHIUBEI
FOUND ON SHARKSKIN TRANSPARENT GLAZE PORCELAIN

GREAT JAPAN TAKEUCHI MADE SELL EXCLUSIVE 2252515
大日本 - 竹内製 - 専賣 - 二二五二五一五

GREAT JAPAN TAKEUCHI MADE
DAI NIHON TAKEUCHI SEI
大日本 - 竹内製

PATENT PATENT SELL EXCLUSIVE 25TH MAY 1890 VALID FOR 15 YEARS (1905)
専賣特許 - 日五廿月五年ニ十ニ - 間年ケ五十
MARK BELONGS TO TAKEUCHI CHIUBEI

Meiji Year 22 (1890) - 5th Month - 25th Day - Valid 15 Years (1905)
22 - 5 - 25 - 15 or 二二五二五一五
2252515

Note: I have tried looking for Japan Patent Number 2252515 and even mixed the numbers but am unable find this patent for Takeuchi Chiubei. Then I was looking at this particular mark and realized the numbers in the dating and validation are equal to the Patent number 2252515 and therefore I am removing the attribution and stating this mark belongs to Takeuchi Chiubei. Japan Patent numbers are not based on their patent date but it does provide a dating for this mark and all marks with 2252515.

PATENT SELL EXCLUSIVE 2252515 TAKEUCHI MADE
専賣特許 - 二二五二五一五 - 竹内製

PATENT SELL EXCLUSIVE 2252515 TAKEUCHI MADE NAGOYA
専賣特許 - 二二五二五一五 - 竹内造 - ナゴヤ
ナゴヤ = NAGOYA written in katakana

PATENT 2252515 TAKEUCHI MADE NAGOYA
持許 - 二二五二五一五 - 竹内製 - ナゴヤ
ナゴヤ = NAGOYA written in katakana

PATENT 2252515 TAKEUCHI MADE
持許 - 二二五二五一五 - 竹内造

SELL EXCLUSIVE 2252515 TAKEUCHI MADE
専賣 - 二二五二五一五 - 竹内製

PATENT SELL EXCLUSIVE 2252515
専賣特許 - 二二五二五一五

PATENT 2252515
持許 - 二二五二五一五

SELL EXCLUSIVE 2252515
専賣 - 二二五二五一五

TAKEUCHI CHIUBEI AND CLOISONNE (SHIPPO)
Dating: 1890-1905 for Totai Shippo with 2211815

Professor Abe states Takeuchi Chiubei opened his shop in 1868 and the Shippo Kaisha was established in 1871.

Takeuchi Chiubei was a major artist at Nagoya Shippo Kaisha and almost every signature bears his name Takeuchi along with Yujin (master). He may have been in a supervisor inspector capacity for the the Shippo Kaisha and this may be the reason why we see his signature on almost every piece. It is my opinion that signature marks with his complete name were made by Takeuchi Chiubei.

Takeuchi Chiubei was a very talented hand painting artist. He was also very talented in cloisonne enameling. His works of art are some of the best pieces made under the Shippo Kaisha.

Takeuchi made Totai (Metal) Shippo and Jiki (Porcelain) Shippo ware.

Some bits of information on Takeuchi Chiubei and Shippo Kaisha gathered from the website of Professor Sei Abe at Aichi University, Japanese Economic History Specialist, his writing on the Chronology of Regional Economic History, specifically in Aichi Ken or Aichi Prefecture -

明治1年（1868） May - 「竹内忠兵衛らが七宝焼を企業化三河県設置」
In May 1868, Takeuchi Chiubei (竹内忠兵衛) establishes the manufacture of cloisonne ware (七宝焼) in Mikawa Province (三河県).

明治4年（1871） Nov - 「小野組支配人村松彦七の勧めで七宝会社設立」
In Nov 1871, the Shippo Kaisha (Cloisonne Company) (七宝会社) is established on the recommendation of the manager Muramatsu Hikoshichi (村松彦七).

明治8年（1875） Aug - 「メルボルン万国博に磁器･七宝を出品」
In Aug 1875, at the Melbourne Intercolonial Exhibition held in Melbourne, Victoria, a porcelain cloisonne (磁器七宝) was displayed.

明治10年（1877） Mar - 「名古屋七宝会社に資金貸与名古屋米商会所（後の米穀取引所）創立」
In Mar 1877, the Nagoya Shippo Kaisha (名古屋七宝会社) loaned money to the U.S. Chamber of Commerce office (later U.S. Exchange) established.

明治11年（1878） Jan - 「七宝会社村松彦七、販路拡張のため渡欧旧豊橋藩士授産のため豊橋に座繰製糸所開設]」
In Jan 1878, in Nagoya, Aichi, relief work measures (vocational aid) for samurai descendants was established due to the market expansion of the Shippo Kaisha (七宝会社) Muramatsu Hikoshichi (村松彦七).

明治13年（1880） Jul - 「安藤七宝店創業」
In Jul 1880, the Ando (安藤) Shippo Ten (cloisonne shop) (七宝店) was founded.

My notes:
Mikawa an old province in Japan that forms the eastern half of Aichi Prefecture.

In the 1893 (data collected from 1887-1891) General View of Commerce and Trade in the Empire of Japan report, Takeuchi Chiubei commerical name is Konaya located in Shinmichi-cho, Nagoya City, Aichi Ken, and dealing and manufacturing shippo ware. In a 1895 advertisement by Takeuchi Chiubei, it states he was a porcelain manufacturer located at Factory No. 151, Shindomachi, Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture, and patented the following wares: shippo metal ware, ishinomaki porcelain, transparent porcelain, porcelain with elevated figures in gold brocade. He also made copper shippo and lacquer shippo.

In the book, A Souvenir of the Anglo-Japanese Exhibition Held in London 1910 written by Kotaro Mochizuki, he states under the section, Cloisonne Ware Mr. Yasuyuki Namikawa, a certain Mr. Muramatsu believing that cloisonne would grow to be one of the chief articles of export from Japan, urged wealthy men of Nagoya to establish the Nagoya Cloisonne Company where a large number of workmen were employed. A German expert, Mr. Wagner, employed by the Department of Agriculture and Commerce, made enamels which greatly improved the manufacture of the cloisonnes.

In Jul 1880, Ando Jubei established his cloisonne shop in Nagoya, Aichi.

Translation based on www.jdic.com, google translator and http://kanjidic.com/

SIGNATURES OF TAKEUCHI CHIUBEI
FOUND ON TOTAI SHIPPO CLOISONNE METAL

SIGNATURES WITH ARTIST NAME & DESIGN NUMBER

SELL EXCLUSIVE TAKEUCHI MADE PATENT 2211815
(専賣 - 竹内製 - 持許 - 二二一一八一五)

http://www.waiapo.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderpictures/takeuchi_totai_sig-101.jpg

http://www.waiapo.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderpictures/takeuchi_totai_sig-102.jpg

SIGNATURES WITH DESIGN NUMBER (NO ARTIST NAME)

SELL EXCLUSIVE PATENT 2211815
(専賣 - 持許 - 二二一一八一五)

Note: I have tried looking for Patent number 2211815 but am unable to find the patent and regarding Patent number 2211815, if if holds true this is actually a dating and validation number then
2211815 translates to:
Meiji Year 22 (1890)
1st Month (January) 18th Day or 11th Month (November) 8th Day
Valid for 15 Years (1905)

SIGNATURES OF TAKEUCHI CHIUBEI
FOUND ON JIKI SHIPPO CLOISONNE PORCELAIN
Dating: 1868-1890s

SIGNATURES WITH DESIGN NUMBER

GREAT JAPAN MANUFACTURING CLOISONNE COMPANY MASTER TAKEUCHI CHIUBEI (DESIGN) 994
DAI NIHON SEI ZOU SHIPPO KAISHA YUJIN TAKEUCHI CHIUBEI 994
(大日本製造 - 七寶會社 - ユ人 - 竹内忠兵衛 - 九九四)

GREAT JAPAN CLOISONNE COMPANY MANUFACTURER MASTER TAKEUCHI CHIUBEI (DESIGN) 663
DAI NIHON SHIPPO KAISHA SEI ZOU YUJIN TAKEUCHI CHIUBEI 663
(大日本 - 七寶會社 - 製造 - ユ人 - 竹内忠兵衛 - 六六三)

GREAT JAPAN MANUFACTUREING CLOISONNE COMPANY MASTER TAKEUCH CHIUBEI (DESIGN) 290
DAI NIHON SEI ZOU SHIPPO KAISHA YUJIN TAKEUCHI CHIUBEI 290
(大日本製造 - 七寶會社 - ユ人 - 竹内忠兵衛 - 二九〇)

SIGNATURES WITHOUT DESIGN NUMBER

GREAT JAPAN MANUFACTURING CLOISONNE COMPANY MASTER TAKEUCHI CHIUBEI
DAI NIHON SEI ZOU SHIPPO KAISHA YUJIN TAKEUCHI CHIUBEI
(大日本製造 - 七寶會社 - ユ人 - 竹内忠兵衛)
[SEAL] MOUNTAIN TREE EARTH
YAMAKIDO or SANKIDO
(山木土)

GREAT JAPAN MANUFACTURING CLOISONNE COMPANY MASTER TAKEUCHI CHIUBEI
DAI NIHON SEI ZOU SHIPPO KAISHA YUJIN TAKEUCHI CHIUBEI
(大日本製造 - 七寶會社 - ユ人 - 竹内忠兵衛)

GREAT JAPAN CLOISONNE COMPANY MANUFACTURER MASTER TAKEUCHI CHIUBEI
DAI NIHON SHIPPO KAISHA SEI ZOU YUJIN TAKEUCHI CHIUBEI
(大日本 - 七寶會社 - 製造 - ユ人 - 竹内忠兵衛)

JAPAN CLOISONNE COMPANY MANUFACTURER MASTER TAKEUCHI CHIUBEI
NIHON SHIPPO KAISHA SEI ZOU YUJIN TAKEUCHI CHIUBEI
(日本 - 七寶會社 - 製造 - ユ人 - 竹内忠兵衛)

GREAT JAPAN MANUFACTURING CLOISONNE COMPANY MASTER TAKEUCHI (CHIUBEI)
DAI NIHON SEI ZOU SHIPPO KAISHA YUJIN TAKEUCHI
(大日本製造 - 七寶會社 - ユ人 - 竹内)

[BLUE] GREAT JAPAN MANUFACTURING CLOISONNE COMPANY
DAI NIHON SEI ZOU SHIPPO KAISHA
(大日本製造 - 七宝会社)
[RED] MASTER [CHUBEI] TAKEUCHI
YUJIN TAKEUCHI
(ユ人 - 竹内)

GREAT JAPAN MASTER TAKEUCHI CHIUBEI
DAI NIHON YUJIN TAKEUCHI CHIUBEI
大日本 - ユ人 - 竹内忠兵衛

GREAT JAPAN KAIYO COMPANY MASTER TAKEUCHI (CHIUBEI)
DAI NIHON KAIYOSHA YUJIN TAKEUCHI
(大日本 - 開洋社 - ユ人 - 竹内)
Note: Kanagawa Prefectural Museum notes Kaiyosha dates from Pre-Meiji to Mid-Meiji.
Made under the company Kaiyosha established by Matsumura Kusuke.
Dating 1878-1885

[RED] GREAT JAPAN KAIYO COMPANY MASTER [CHUBEI] TAKEUCHI
DAI NIHON KAIYOSHA YUJIN TAKEUCHI
(大日本 - 開洋社 - ユ人 - 竹内)
[BLUE] SETO [AICHI] MASUKICHI KAWAMOTO MADE
SETO [AICHI] KAWAMOTO MASUKICHI SEI
(瀬戸 - 川本桝吉 - 製)
Note: Kanagawa Prefectural Museum notes Kaiyosha dates from Pre-Meiji to Mid-Meiji.
Made under the company Kaiyosha established by Matsumura Kusuke.
Dating 1878-1885

[RED] KAIYOSHA SEI ZO YUJIN TAKEUCHI (開洋社 - 製造 - ユ人 - 竹内)
KAIYO COMPANY MANUFACTURER MASTER TAKEUCHI
[BLUE] DAI NIHON HICHOZAN SHINPO ZO (大日本 - 肥蝶山 - 信甫 - 造)
GREAT JAPAN HICHOZAN SHINPO MADE
Two signature marks found on Nagoya Shippo ware.
Note: Kanagawa Prefectural Museum notes Kaiyosha dates from Pre-Meiji to Mid-Meiji.
Made under the company Kaiyosha established by Matsumura Kusuke.
Dating 1878-1885

[RED] GREAT JAPAN MASTER TAKEUCHI (CHIUBEI)
DAI NIHON YUJIN TAKEUCHI
(大日本 - ユ人 - 竹内)
[BLUE] SETO [AICHI] KAWAMOTO MASUKICHI MADE
SETO [AICHI] KAWAMOTO MASUKICHI SEI
(瀬戸 - 川本 - 特製)
CIRCA 1877

NIPPON SHARKSKIN PORCELAIN

Closeup examination of NIPPON GLASS ENAMELING porcelain surfaces

During the Nippon era, several glass enameling decoration techniques were developed. The glass consisted of glass beads, small obs the size of sand grains, or glass powder. The glass beads or powder were either transparent or color. When the glass beads or powder was fired in the kiln, the glass fused in such a way the glassine beads or powder added a sheen sparkle to the decorative motifs. Different names were given to the glass enameling styles:

CORALENE is glass beads each about the size of a grain of sand applied to the surface.
SHARKSKIN is glass powder sprayed onto the surface. Glass powder consistency were of different grain sizes as shown below in the pictures.

Below Closeup of Unknown maker of Translucent Glazing known as Sharkskin (Finer Glass Powder Enameling) Porcelain Jar

Below Closeup of Chiubei Takeuchi Sharkskin (Glass Powder Enameling) Porcelain Vase

References

Shippo Kaisha and Takeuchi Chiubei works of art are displayed at the Aichi Prefectural Ceramic Museum and at the Tokyo National Museum.

http://www.pref.aichi.jp/touji/004_collection/10/collection/06.html

Aichi Prefectural Ceramic museum, Signed [大日本製造七寶會社　工人　竹内忠兵衞　八二]

http://www.tnm.jp/modules/r_free_page/index.php?id=12

Tokyo National Museum

Table 2. 内国勧業博覧会と『温知図録』

#2. 磁胎七宝草花文花瓶, 竹内忠兵衛, 1対, 明治11年(1878)頃, オーストリア応用美術館蔵.
#14. ガラス胎七宝花唐草文脚付杯, 竹内忠兵衛, 1対, 明治14年(1881), 東京国立博物館蔵.

Table 4. 明治の輸出工芸

#3. 磁胎七宝草花文六角捻花瓶, 開洋社　竹内忠兵衛, 1口, 明治前期・19世紀, 愛知・名古屋市博物館蔵.
#25. 磁胎七宝花鳥図大花瓶, 七宝会社竹内忠兵衛, 1口, 明治前期・19世紀, 愛知県陶磁資料館蔵.

Table 7. 1893年シカゴ万国博覧会

#27. 七宝竹雀図花瓶, 竹内忠兵衛, 1口, 明治26年(1893), 東京国立博物館蔵.
#28. 七宝柳燕図花瓶, 竹内忠兵衛, 1口, 明治26年(1893), 京都国立博物館蔵.

Reports of the United States Commissioners to the Paris Universal Exposition, 1878, Volume III, William P. Blake (Ceramics), 1880.

Shippo-kuaisha (Kuwaisha or Kwaisha or Kaisha), dep. of Aichi, prov. of Owari. Porcelain; pictures; chimneys; round plaques and door swings; tables; faience; round and square tiles; porcelain with cloisonne enamel; sugar bowls; tea-pots coffee cups; covered vases; flower vases and pots; plates and dishes in lacquered porcelain.

Keramic Art of Japan, George A. Audsley and James Lord Bowes, London, 1881

Takeuch Chiubei was the principal maker of Cloisonné on porcelain and his works were displayed at the Paris Exhibition in 1878:

The art of Cloisonné enameling upon porcelain is of recent origin, dating only from 1870, when it was commenced at Nagoya. Shortly before that year, and following upon the revolution in 1868, which led to the deposition of the Shogun, and the disorganization of society, the superb ancient examples of Cloisonné enameling upon copper, which had previously been preserved in the storehouses and palaces of the princes, were brought to light and fired the Owari workman with the desire to imitate them. The experiment was made at Nagoya, upon grounds of thin copper, as well as porcelain. Large vases and dishes, made upon the former plan, were produced in abundance and sent to Europe, but the impossibility of successfully imitating the marvelous works of the artists of the medieval ages was quickly recognized, and the manufacture has been discontinued at Nagoya. It is still pursued to some extent at Tokio (Tokyo), under the direction of French artists, but the work there done is upon heavy cast copper and brass foundations after the Chinese method, and the coloring is European, no attempt being made to copy the ancient Japanese models in this or any other respect.

On the other hand, the comparatively distinct process of enameling upon porcelain has been carried on to a large extent, and at the Paris Exhibition, in 1878, vast numbers of vases, bowls, slabs, and other articles decorated in this fashion were shown. The enamel pastes used in this process are of a soft nature, vitrifying at a much lower temperature than those which were employed in the old work upon copper, and not susceptible of the fine polish which distinguishes the latter. The decoration consists chiefly of birds, foliage, and diaper patterns, outlined by brass or white metal cloisons, and rendered in very bright colors, generally upon a pale blue ground, differing in these respects from the earlier efforts, which were executed in dark green and other low-toned colors, after the manner of the ancient works. The principal maker is named TAKEUCHI CHIUBEI.

Japanese Marks and Seals: In Literature and the Arts, James Lord Bowes, 1882.

Painted in gold upon a cup of porcelain, decorated with gold designs in imitation of inlaid metal. DAI NIP-PON, SEI-ZO, SHIPPO, KUWAI-SHA, KO-ZIN, TAKE-UCHI CHIU-BE-YE. Takeuchi Chiubeye, artist, of the Shippo Company, Great Japan, made the cup.

A Handbook for Travelers in Japan, Basil Hall Chamberlain, W.B. Mason, 1891.

Nagoya is noted for its manufacture of porcelain, cloisonne, and fans. The principal dealers are: Porcelain - Matsumura, Hirakoya, Takito. Cloisonne - Morimoto, Honda, Takeuchi (Chiubei).

World's Columbian Exposition, 1893: Official Catalogue, Volumes 7-12, Moses Purnell Handy, 1893.

Listed under Department H. - Manufacturers, Art Metal Work, Enamels, Etc, Group 93. #646. Chyubei Takeuchi, Aichi. Cloisonne ware.

General View of Commerce & Industry in the Empire of Japan, The Bureau of Commerce and Industry, Department of Agriculture and Commerce, Japan, Tokyo, 1893.

Aichi Ken, Konaya (Commercial Name), Takeuchi Chiubei (Principal Person or Owner), Shinmichicho, Nagoya City (Business Place), Shippo wares (Dealing Articles), Flower vases, plates and censers (Manufacturing Articles).

Japan As We Saw It, Mary Jane Bickersteth, 1893.

Nagoya

We spent the afternoon in a visit to some cloisonne enamel, china, and paper-lantern shops. The entrance of the first looked by no means promising, being a good deal like a stable door in a London back street, but it admitted us into a fairyland of art and beauty. We spent a long time in the various work-shops, watching the cloisonne in each stage. The articles to be decorated, whether plaque, vase, or incense-jar, were made in many different materials—bronze, china, pottery, etc. The pattern was then drawn on them in tiny pin-holes and lines, into which gold or silver wire was introduced, the wire rising a little above the general surface, and all interstices being filled in with oil painting. The whole was then covered with thick clay and " fired," after which it had to go through a lengthy process of rubbing in order to remove the clay. Fine specimens would require a year or more of this rubbing, but the result was beautiful. Beneath the highly-polished surface appeared the sketch of birds and flowers, most true to nature, and with every vein in the leaf, or feather in a bird's wing, delicately marked by the wire.

Some of the men were painting from nature, and each one seemed an artist. Others were not working at cloisonne, but were covering china tea-pots and vases with pale pink and blue dust*. Designs of birds, grasses, and flowers, would be afterwards added, and their work also would be "fired." The different specimens of both china and cloisonne that we bought have been greatly admired. Our purchases were not at all extensive, but the owner was so pleased that he asked us each to choose a present from his show-room, and afterwards sent Mrs. Robinson three tea-pots and two vases.

*Note: The description of covering porcelain with pale pink and blue dust and hand painting designs of nature upon this textured surface and then being fired in the kiln - can only be the process for transparent glazing, aka SHARKSKIN glaze, created and employed by Takeuchi Chiubei & his factory.

Japanese sharkskin porcelain ware appears in Wallace Homestead "Price Guide to Oriental Antiques", Second Edition, pages 133 and 184 listed as "Vases (pair), shark's skin glaze, early 20th century, 9 1/2"h, $900-$1,200". The hand painted style closely resembles the artistic work of Chubei Takeuchi.

Some are marked in Japanese kanji characters in black or red and some are unmarked. The Pre Patent marks written in Japanese kanji characters DO NOT READ AS "YASUNOSUKE DOI". I will post translation on marks as soon as available. Some marks read "TAKEUCHI", others "KINJO", and there are numbers, possibly Japanese patent numbers. Some are marked Dai Nichi Hon means Great Nippon or Meiji period 1868-1912. I have been told by a friend of a Japanese person studying and currently writing a book on Meiji period Japanese porcelain that Takeuchi and Kinjo are two different and separate makers of Sharkskin porcelain ware, and Kinjo kiln was near Nagoya Castle whereas Takeuchi kiln was near Seto.

Also, checkout the website of Tadashi Morita. He is a well-known Seto collector in Japan and has identified Takeuchi Chiubei as the artist of both Totai Cloisonne and Sharkskin - http://www.miraigijuku.com/HP/tojitaihitihou.htm

Examples of Chiubei Takeuchi porcelain ware with Shippo Cloisonne can be found at Nico Veenman website "Japanese Art and Western Influence"/ Takeuchi Chiubei - http://members.chello.nl/artnv/Lichtgr.html

Buyer beware - there are sellers out there claiming there cloisonne was made by Takeuchi.
Some shippo porcelain ware is marked Dai Nippon Shippo Kaisha but missing artist name.
Please note there were also other artists at Shippo Kaisha kiln along with Chiubei Takeuchi, who was one of the major artists there.

This maker is not the same as the Nippon Royal Kinjo english patent mark. Please see Royal Kinjo located above.

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